小腿外侧群肌神经入肌点和肌梭丰度最高区中心的定位及其意义

目的　准确定位小腿外侧群肌的神经入肌点（NEP）和肌梭丰度最高区中心（CHRMSA）的位置。 方法　12具成人尸体,侧卧。经皮肤连接股骨外上髁与内上髁和股骨外上髁与外踝的连线分别为横向参考线（H）和纵向参考线（L）。解剖暴露NEP;Sihler's染色显示肌内神经分支密集区;HE染色肌梭,计算肌梭丰度;硫酸钡标记NEP和CHRMSA,CT扫描。NEP在体表的投影点为P,P通过NEP后投射至相反侧皮肤上的点为P',经P的垂线与H线、水平线与L线的交点分别记为PH 和PL,确定PH和PL在H和L线上的百分位置及NEP的深度。 结果　腓骨长、短肌的NEP的PH分别位于H线的13.41%和10.35%处,PL分别位于L线的21.81%和52.6%处;深度分别位于PP'线的50.89%和25.7%处。腓骨长、短肌的CHRMSA的PH分别位于H线的14.45%和12.86%处,PL分别位于L线的35.11%和71.49%处;深度分别位于PP'线的18.16%和20.40%处。 结论　这些结果可为小腿外侧群肌痉挛治疗中准确定位阻滞靶点提供解剖学指导。     

Alzheimer neuropathology without frontotemporal lobar degeneration hallmarks (TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 inclusions) in missense progranulin mutation Cys139Arg

Null mutations in progranulin gene (GRN) reduce the progranulin production resulting in haploinsufficiency and are tightly associated with tau‐negative frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TAR DNA‐binding protein 43‐positive inclusions (FTLD‐TDP). Missense mutations of GRN were also identified, but their effects are not completely clear, in particular unanswered is the question of what neuropathology they elicit, also considering that their occurrence has been reported in patients with typical clinical features of Alzheimer disease. They describe two fraternal twins carrying the missense GRN Cys139Arg mutation affected by late‐onset dementia and we report the neuropathological study of one of them. Both patients were examined by neuroimaging, neuropsychological assessment and genetic analysis of GRN and other genes associated with dementia. The brain of one was obtained at autopsy and examined neuropathologically. One sister presented clinical and MRI features leading to the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. The other underwent autopsy and the brain showed neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease with abundant Aβ‐amyloid deposition and Braak stage V of neurofibrillary pathology, in the absence of the hallmark lesions of FTLD‐TDP. Their findings may contribute to better clarify the role of progranulin in neurodegenerative diseases indicating that some GRN mutations, in particular missense ones, may act as strong risk factor for Alzheimer disease rather than induce FTLD‐TDP.     

Development and evaluation of indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the serological diagnosis of Microsporum canis infection in humans

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the diagnostic potential of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) for the rapid and precise diagnosis of Microsporum canis infection in humans.

Novel Approach to Inpatient Glucometric Monitoring and Variability in a Community Hospital Setting

Background:

Hyperglycemia and glucose variability in the hospital environment are associated with higher rates of complications, longer lengths of stay, and mortality. Standardized metrics are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of glucose management interventions.

Methods:

Glucometric data were collected from 2024 inpatients in a San Diego hospital between 2009 and 2011. As a complementary measure of glucose control, individual patient excursion rates were calculated using counts of distinct excursions from normal to critical glucose ranges >180 or <70 mg/dL. Prediction models for excursion rates were devised, based on patient demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results:

Patients were predominantly male (51.2%), Caucasian (86.0%), and elderly (median age 72 years). Obesity was prevalent: 32% were overweight and 33% were obese. Median length of hospitalization was 5.0 days (range, 0.8-139.4 days). Unadjusted rate of excursions >180 mg/dL was 0.456 per 24 hours. The proportion of zero excursions decreased as severity of illness decreased, but was unrelated to age. Excursion rates were slightly smaller for major and extreme severity of illness compared to mild or moderate illness severity. Excursion rates did not vary in a monotone fashion with age, although the general pattern reflected a reduction in excursion rates from the first age quartile (19 to 59) through the last age quartile (83 to 100). Using the Akaike information criterion, zero-inflated negative binomial models were identified as appropriate for analyzing glucose excursion rates.

Conclusions:

Systematic approaches to glucose reporting and management in the hospital environment offer “windows of opportunity” to improve diabetes care.     

耳穴贴压治疗失眠疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价耳穴贴压治疗失眠的疗效,为失眠患者的治疗提供参考。方法计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、维普期刊资源整合服务平台(VIP)和万方数据知识服务平台(WanFang Data)等数据库中有关耳穴贴压治疗失眠的随机对照试验(RCT),追溯纳入文献的参考文献,文献检索时限为各数据库建库至2014年9月。按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,采用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入7篇RCT,合计939例受试者。根据干预时间和对照组的干预方案进行亚组分析。Meta分析结果显示:1以干预时间为亚组分析:干预2周,耳穴贴压组的总有效率高于对照组[OR=10.66,95%CI(5.23,21.74),P0.01];干预1个月,耳穴贴压组的总有效率高于对照组[OR=4.54,95%CI(2.28,9.01),P0.01]。2以对照组治疗方案为亚组分析:与针刺组相比,耳穴贴压组总有效率高于针刺组[OR=7.70,95%CI(3.05,19.48),P0.01];与药物组相比,耳穴贴压组总有效率高于药物组[OR=7.76,95%CI(4.61,13.08),P0.01]。结论耳穴贴压治疗失眠有一定疗效,可提高患者的睡眠质量。但由于本次纳入文献差异性较大,故研究结果需谨慎对待,还需大样本、高质量的文献进一步证实其临床疗效。     

电针深刺夹脊穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症163例疗效观察及对血浆β-内啡肽的影响

目的观察电针深刺夹脊穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效及血浆β-内啡肽的影响。方法将163例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分为治疗组85例和对照组78例,2组均采用电针并配合牵引治疗,其中治疗组选取深刺腰部夹脊穴,对照组常规取穴,分别于治疗前、后测定患者血浆β-内啡肽的含量,采用模糊视觉疼痛量表(VAS)及JOA腰痛评分标准对疼痛进行评定。结果治疗后2组模糊视觉疼痛(VAS)评分及JOA腰痛评分均明显改善,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),与对照组相应时间点比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗后2组β-内啡肽含量均明显增高,与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);其中治疗组β-内啡肽含量增高更为明显,与对照组相应时间点比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论电针深刺夹脊穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有显著的临床疗效,并可提高患者血浆β-内啡肽活性,这可能是电针镇痛作用机制之一。     

情绪释放疗法联合耳穴贴压对混合痔术后疼痛及焦虑状态的疗效观察

目的探讨情绪释放疗法联合耳穴贴压对混合痔术后患者疼痛、焦虑状态的影响。方法:将99 例混合痔术后患者采用随机数字表法分为对照组( 常规护理,33 例)、耳穴组( 在常规护理基础上增加耳穴贴压干预,33 例) 和联合组( 在常规护理和耳穴贴压基础上增加情绪释放疗法干预,33 例)。观察三组干预后不同时间点的疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)、状态焦虑量表(S-AI) 的变化,并于干预结束后评估患者对护理的满意度。结果:联合组患者干预后48 h、72 h、7 d 的VAS评分较耳穴组、对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05) ;联合组患者干预后72 h 的S-AI 评分较耳穴组、对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05) ;干预结束后,联合组、耳穴组满意度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05)。结论:情绪释放疗法联合耳穴贴压能够有效降低混合痔术后患者疼痛程度,改善焦虑情绪,提高其护理满意度。